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Two Chinas

Territories controlled by the People's Republic of China (PRC) (purple) and the Republic of China (ROC) (orange). The size of minor islands controlled by the PRC, the ROC, and other countries (gray) has been exaggerated in this map for ease of identification.

Traditional Chinese

兩個中國

Simplified Chinese

两个中国

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	liǎng gè Zhōngguó (in PRC) liǎng ge Zhōngguó (in ROC)
Bopomofo	ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄍㄜ` ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛ´ (in PRC) ㄌㄧㄤˇ ㄍㄜ˙ ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛ´ (in ROC)
Wade–Giles	liang³ ko⁴ chung¹-kuo² (in PRC) liang³ ko chung¹-kuo² (in ROC)
Yale Romanization	lyǎng gè Jūnggwó (in PRC) lyǎng ge Jūnggwó (in ROC)

Politics of China


Leadership Leadership generations Succession of power Hu–Wen Administration (2002–2012) Xi–Li Administration (2012–2017) Xi Administration (since 2017) 4th Leadership Core: Xi Jinping 20th Party Politburo: Xi Jinping 14th State Council: Li Qiang Current state leaders Current provincial leaders National leaders Orders of precedence Paramount leader: Xi Jinping First lady: Peng Liyuan Communist Party leader: Xi Jinping State representative: Xi Jinping Head of government: Li Qiang Congress Chairman: Zhao Leji Conference Chairman: Wang Huning Commander-in-chief: Xi Jinping Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members Related systems Unified power Democratic centralism Collective leadership Organization Department Elections Civil service
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Propaganda Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture Leader: Cai Qi Deputy Leaders: Li Shulei, Shen Yiqin Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization Director: Cai Qi Deputy Director: Li Shulei Central Propaganda Department Head: Li Shulei National Press and Publication Administration China Film Administration State Council Information Office China Daily Ministry of Culture and Tourism National Radio and Television Administration China Media Group China Central Television China Global Television Network China National Radio China Radio International Xinhua News Agency Reference News China News Service People's Daily Global Times China Today Censorship in China Radio jamming Overseas censorship of Chinese issues Media of China Internal media Publishing industry in China Internet in China Internet censorship Great Firewall Great Cannon Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission Director: Cai Qi Cyberspace Administration of China Director: Zhuang Rongwen
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Politics of Taiwan


Government Constitution Additional Articles of the Constitution Freedom of religion (Article 13) Law Taxation
Presidency President of the Republic of China Tsai Ing-wen  / Lai Ching-te (elect) (DPP) Vice President-elect of the Republic of China Lai Ching-te / Hsiao Bi-khim (elect) (DPP) Office of the President National Security Council
Executive Executive Yuan Premier Chen Chien-jen (DPP) Vice Premier Cheng Wen-tsan (DPP)
Legislature 11th Legislative Yuan Legislative Yuan President of the Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu (KMT) Vice President of the Legislative Yuan Johnny Chiang (KMT) National Assembly (defunct) Control Yuan (chamber defunct)
Judiciary Judicial Yuan President of the Judicial Yuan and Chief Justice Hsu Tzong-li Vice President of the Judicial Yuan Tsai Jeong-duen Supreme Court High Courts District Courts
Other branches Examination Yuan President of the Examination Yuan Huang Jong-tsun Vice President of the Examination Yuan Chou Hung-hsien Control Yuan President of the Control Yuan Chen Chu Vice President of the Control Yuan Lee Hung-chun Local government Mayors and Magistrates
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Foreign relations Ministry of Foreign Affairs Foreign Minister Joseph Wu Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Taiwan and the World Health Organization
Related topics Political status of Taiwan Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and the United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
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The term "Two Chinas" refers to the geopolitical situation where two political entities exist under the name "China".^[1]^[2]

Official name(s)	Soviet Zone (1927–1931) Chinese Soviet Republic (1931–1937) Anti-Japanese Base Areas (1937–1946) Liberated Zone (1946–1949) People's Republic of China (1949–present)	Republic of China (1912–present)
Common name	China	Taiwan (present) China (historical)
Date of establishment	1 August 1927 7 November 1931 1 October 1949	1 January 1912
Effective jurisdiction	Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan and Jiangsu Soviet Zones (1927–1934) Shaanxi and Manchuria (1935–present) Mainland China (1949–present) Tibet and Chamdo (1951–present) Hong Kong (1997–present) Macau (1999–present)	Mainland China (1912–1949) Tibet and Chamdo (1912–1951) Outer Mongolia (1919–1921) Taiwan and Pescadores (1945–present) Kinmen and Matsu Islands (1912–present)^[3]
Representation of "China" in the United Nations	1971–present	1945–1971
Capital	Jinggangshan (1927–1930) Ruijin (1931–1934) Zhidan (1935) Yan'an (1936–1947) Xibaipo (1947–1949) Beijing (1949–present)	Nanjing (1912, 1927–1937, 1946–1949) Beijing (1912–1928) Chongqing (1937–1946, 1949) Guangzhou (1949) Chengdu (1949) Taipei (1949–present)
Founder	Mao Zedong	Sun Yat-sen
Incumbent head of state	Xi Jinping	Tsai Ing-wen
Incumbent head of government	Li Qiang	Chen Chien-jen

^ Gayner, Jeffrey B (2 July 1977). "U.S. Diplomacy and the Two Chinas". Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
^ Swift, John (2003). "The Two Chinas". The Palgrave Concise Historical Atlas of the Cold War. pp. 44–45. doi:10.1057/9780230001183_20. ISBN 978-0-333-99404-7. Archived from the original on 2023-04-11. Retrieved 2021-02-11.
^ "At the Edge of State Control: The Creation of the "Matsu Islands"". Taiwan Insight. University of Nottingham Taiwan Studies Programme. 2021-09-13. Retrieved 2023-05-21. Taiwan was a colony of Japan, whereas Matsu was part of Fujian